Fig. 5. Human insulin provided in sucrose decreased total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and MnSOD activities in A. stephensi. Female mosquitoes were provided with 10% sucrose-soaked cotton pads with 1.7x10^–4 µmol l^–1 human insulin or with an equivalent volume of insulin buffer in sucrose. Cotton pads were changed twice daily. Every third day, insulin-fed and control mosquitoes were sampled for total SOD activity; the same samples were treated with KCN and re-analyzed to quantify MnSOD activity. Data are represented as mean enzyme activities for N=3 replicates.