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Figure 7


Fig. 7. Normalized total circulation in each phase of the wingbeat, where phase 5 at the right of the abscissa is the beginning of the downstroke and phase 1 at the left marks the end of the upstroke: (A) inner wing (X in Fig. 2), (B) mid-hand (Y in Fig. 2), (C) outer-hand (Z in Fig. 2) and (D) directly behind the body (LR in Fig. 2). Error bars represent ±s.e.m.