Fig. 4. Hypopigmentation and thorax development in Drosophila. Hypopigmentation and thorax development were used as markers of Cu deficiency in adult female Drosophila that overexpress ATP7 in the pannier region (boxed in A) using a pnr-Gal4 driver. Overexpression of ATP7 results in a hypopigmentation and a loss of sensory bristles in the pannier region. In addition the width of the thorax is reduced, as indicated by the arrows that represent the distance between the two major posterior sensory bristles. (A) w¹¹¹⁸ control flies. (B) Overexpression of ATP7. (C) Overexpression of ATP7 in the Mvl^97f/+ background. (D) Co-overexpression of ATP7 and Mvl significantly and reliably further reduced thoracic width and pigmentation.