Fig. 4. Effect of the extracellular osmolality on E_m and R_in. The extracellular osmolality was varied by increasing or decreasing the NaCl concentration of the bath solution, and the changes in E_m (A) and R_in (B) were determined 5 min later. For comparison, volume changes (Vol_rel) as a percentage of control values are shown (grey squares, right-hand axes, mean values of N=2–84 experiments, see Fig. 2B,D). Data are means ± s.d.; number of experiments is given next to each data point. Asterisks indicate significant differences from the data in SLS (^*P<0.05, ^**P<0.01). Osmolalities of the anisotonic solutions were normalized to SLS (Relative osmolality, see Fig. 2).