Fig. 1. Effects of flight duration on oxidative status. Pigeons that flew around 200 km (LD, long distance; N=7) showed (A) increased levels of oxidative damage as measured by serum reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), (B) decreased total serum antioxidant capacity (OXY), and (C) increased levels of oxidative stress (OS) as measured by the ratio between ROMs and OXY (x1000) compared with both controls (C; N=7) or pigeons that flew around 60 km (SD, short distance; N=8). Values are shown as mean ± s.e.m. of post- minus pre-treatment values. P values of the generalized linear/non-linear models are shown.