Fig. 7. Average time courses for (A) translational and (B) rotational kinematic variables. Blue lines are mean values for voluntary take-offs and red lines are mean values for escape responses. Shaded area around the mean shows the standard error. Time courses are aligned so that lift-off occurred at 0 ms. The yaw angular position was adjusted to start at 0°. Roll and pitch starting positions for each fly were defined as in Fig. 5. Roll and yaw values for position, velocity and acceleration have been adjusted as if all first rolling and yawing motions were to the fly's right. The dark grey region represents the median time of leg extension for escape take-offs, and the light and dark grey regions together indicate the median time of leg extension for voluntary take-offs. Individual flies did not remain in the field of view of our cameras for uniform amounts of time (see Figs 2 and 6). The inset in the lower right hand corner of B shows the number of flies averaged at each point in time. See also supplementary material Fig. S2 for alternate conventions describing take-off rotations.