Fig. 9. Angle, angular velocities and angular accelerations for the orientations angles (heading, elevation and bank) (A–C) and the body angles (yaw, pitch and roll) (D–F). The width of the traces represents the means ± s.e.m. Shaded bars correspond to downstroke periods. Because bats performed both right and left turns, all turns were standardized to a right turn, and both heading and yaw angles started at zero degrees. Body angles were obtained as the cumulative sum of the body angular velocities obtained from the angular velocities of the Euler angles. For pitch and roll angles, the cumulative sum was added to the initial elevation and bank angle, respectively, for each trial.