Fig. 6. Dorsal view of a flying bat showing the relationship between bearing angle () and heading angle () in the global coordinate system for a bat at three time points during the turn. Bearing angle is calculated from the horizontal component of the body velocity vector (V_b,xy, orange arrows) obtained as the derivative of the position vector of the center of mass (CoM). The heading angle () was defined as the angle between the projection of the longitudinal axis of the body on the horizontal plane (X_g–Y_g) and the X_g axis.