Fig. 1. The mean time (± s.e.m.) spent by African penguins in a 3 m span where either DMS or a control was deployed during the (A) morning or (B) evening presentations. In the morning, when birds were walking downwind, there were no significant differences, but penguins spent significantly longer in the presence of DMS in the evening when walking upwind (unpaired t-test, ^*P=0.003).