Fig. 3. Liver AMPK activity (A), protein AMPK (B) and representative AMPK western blot (C) in goldfish exposed to normoxia (N; 9.5 mg O₂l^–1; open squares) and 12 h hypoxia (0.3 mg O₂l^–1; closed squares). Horizontal broken lines through normoxia are shown as a reference. AMPK activity during hypoxia exposure is expressed relative to the activity observed in normoxia, which was set to 1. AMPK protein is normalized to total homogenate protein and expressed relative to the values observed in normoxia. C Bands shown on representative western blot are at 62 kDa. Data are means ± s.e.m. (N=5 to 11). ^*Significant difference from normoxia, P<0.05.