Fig. 5. Estimated liver mitochondrial proton conductance at a membrane potential of 130 mV. Proton conductance was determined as proton leak rate mV^–1 at 130 mV. Two-way ANOVA showed a significant difference between summer active and hibernating animals (indicated by ^*). No significant differences were found among diet groups within the summer active and hibernating states. Values are means ± s.e.m. Number of individuals is the same as for Fig. 4.