Fig. 9. Apparent dynamic stiffness (ADS) for the LG, pMG and dMG during walking (black; 0.5 m s^–1) and running (grey; 2.0 m s^–1) on a level (left pair of bars) and inclined (right pair of bars) treadmill. Note that the dMG exhibited a much higher ADS compared with the pMG and LG. See Materials and methods regarding the calculation of ADS. Values are means ± s.e.m. (N=4).