Fig. 15. Behavioural data and maximum velocity estimates for flight derived from high-speed video analysis and a numerical model on force balance in flying fruit flies, respectively. Distributions of horizontal (A) and turning (B) velocities were derived in a stationary environment and during optomotor stimulation (N=131 flies). The means and 95% quantiles of 20 data bins (bin width, 10 mm path radius) are plotted in red and blue, respectively. The 95% quantile fairly describes the upper border of the data distribution. The black lines in C and D represent the model estimates based on the four maximum total flight force values mentioned in the Results. The model values were calculated assuming no change in the fly's vertical position. Red and blue in C and D are re-plotted from A and B, respectively. Dotted lines indicate the diameter of the inner cylinder (70 mm).