Fig. 4. Melting properties of seven Apis subspecies (means ± s.e.m.): melting onset (A), end of melting (B), major melting peak (C), melting range (D), and heat of fusion (E). Letters above bars denote statistical groupings: subspecies with no letters in common are different from each other. Species are also grouped by subgenus as dwarf, giant or cavity-nesting honeybees.