Fig. 1. Food intake under normal and starved conditions. (A) Under normal conditions, both male and female to¹ flies eat more than wild type [Canton Special (CS)]. Directed expression of the takeout (to) gene within to-producing cells (tim-GAL4/UAS-to in a to¹ genetic background) fully rescues the phenotype in to¹ females (rescue), but only partially in males. (B) To quantify the difference in feeding between CS and to¹ flies under normal conditions, the amount of Blue dye ingested was indexed on CS. to¹ males or females eat eight or three times more food than CS males or females, respectively. (C) After a 16-h period of starvation, the increase in food intake in CS flies (40-fold in males, eightfold in females) is significantly higher than in to¹ flies (twofold in both males and females). Targeted expression of to rescues food intake in males, but only partially in females. The determination of the total food ingested, measured as the total amount of Blue dye ingested (OD, optic density), was performed on groups of 10 flies. The number in each box represents the number of fly groups used for each genotype. Rescue, tim-GAL4/UAS-to in a to¹ genetic background; to¹, to mutant. *P<0.05; **P<0.001; ***P<0.0001. Mean ± s.e.m.