JEB -- Lehmann and Pick 210 (8): 1362 Figure IG6

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Fig. 6. (A–C) Temporal distribution of vertical force augmentation for three kinematic patterns and (D) mean vertical force augmentation during clap-and-fling wing beat. Data are plotted as the difference (2–1) between the performance of one (1) and two (2) flapping wings. (A–C) Kinematic patterns (pictograms) produced the same mean vertical force coefficient during wing motion ( $~$ 1.51). (D) Mean values (red) ± s.d. (grey) of all 17 kinematic patterns. Force peaks are labelled according to Lehmann et al. (Lehmann et al., 2005).