Fig. 2. The sample included 12 nests for a total of 61 nestling kestrels (open circles, controls, N=30; filled circles, supplemented, N=31). (A) Circulating carotenoids increased in supplemented nestlings, but returned to basal levels at the end of the experiment; (B) supplemental carotenoids did not affect the level of oxidative damage as measured by serum reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs); (C) supplemental carotenoids did not increase the serum anti-oxidant capacity (OXY). Values are shown as mean ± s.e.m. Tukey post-hoc comparisons: *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001.