Fig. 1. (A) Kinematic profiles from a representative feeding in Hydromantes genei showing required instantaneous muscle-mass-specific power versus time in the upper trace, and instantaneous acceleration, velocity and smoothed and interpolated position versus time in the lower traces. Open circles in the position trace indicate raw position data, and the filled circles correspond to the video frames shown in B. (B) Image sequence of the same feeding from which the kinematics in A were derived. Scale bar, 1 cm; times (ms) are from the start of tongue projection. Note the long tongue reach and the peak required power output of over 3000 W kg^–1.