Fig. 7. Mean values of joint angles and limb segment orientation. The relative length (% total limb length) of each segment within a limb is also a mean value for each of the study species of the fore and hindlimbs at footfall (A,C) and midstance (B,D) for all species. From proximal to distal, the end points of the line segments represent shoulder, elbow, wrist, distal end of the metacarpals and tips of the toes of the forelimb at footfall (A) and midstance (B). From proximal to distal, the end points of the line segments represent hip, knee, ankle, distal end of the metatarsals and tips of the toes of the hindlimb at footfall (C) and midstance (D). The reference scale on the left indicates the potential height of a limb if all limb segments were vertical and all joint angles were 180°.