Fig. 4. Conditioning protocol also affects recall after single-trial conditioning. The proportion of subjects responding to the first recall test with the rewarded odor immediately (N_APC=35; N_AC=40; N_PC=33; N_UNP=31), 24 h (N_APC=39; N_AC=25; N_PC=42; N_UNP=29) or 96 h (N_APC=48; N_AC=75; N_PC=30; N_UNP=22) after conditioning is shown. None of the honey bees trained with the unpaired protocol responded on the immediate recall test. Recall at each time post-conditioning depended upon the conditioning protocol (lreg; ²₃=39.6, P<0.001). Recall of the odor CS decays for all conditioning protocols (APC, PC, AC) over a period of 96 h (lreg; ²₂=6.27, P=0.043). Recall for AC, PC and UNP was compared to that for APC using a least-squares contrast at each time point; ^* indicates a difference of P<0.05.