Fig. 1. Rates of acquisition for honey bees trained with three different conditioning protocols reflected in the mean (± s.e.m.) response on each trial. (A) APC protocol where both antennae and proboscis are stimulated with sucrose solution and the bees are allowed to consume the sucrose reward (N_pollen=65; N_nectar=63). (B) PC protocol where only the proboscis is stimulated and bees are then allowed to consume the reward (N_pollen=78; N_nectar=69). (C) AC protocol where the antennae are stimulated with sucrose solution, but subjects were not allowed to touch the sucrose solution with their proboscis or consume the reward (N_pollen=60; N_nectar=65). The rate of acquisition was greatest for the APC protocol; honey bees conditioned using the PC or AC protocols did not have significantly different rates of acquisition. The predicted probability of responding on each conditioning trial is shown with the ± s.e.m. of this probability. Abbreviations: Pol, pollen foragers; Nect, nectar foragers; +, reinforced trials with CS odor on the A trials; –, B trials with the unreinforced odor.