Fig. 4. qPCR analyses of AgNHA1 transcript expression in fourth instar larval tissues of An. gambiae. Data are presented as the mean + s.e.m. of three averaged replicates of three independent experiments. An. gambiae 18S ribosomal RNA was used as a reference gene. Results were normalized to values for carcass at one. VNC, ventral nerve cord; SG/cardia, salivary glands and cardia; GC, gastric caeca; AMG, anterior midgut; PMG, posterior midgut; MT, Malpighian tubules.