Fig. 9. (A) Abalone sperm rotation rate as a function of fluid shear, with male gametes modeled as prolate spheroids. The line is predicted from theory (see Eqn 6), and symbols are values obtained in experiments using dead (closed circles) or live (open triangles) cells. Each symbol is a mean + s.e.m.; error bars are smaller than symbols in some cases. (B) The relationship between F_swim/F_shear and fluid shear within the Taylor-Couette apparatus. F_swim was calculated using sperm swimming speeds in the presence of abalone (filled circles, solid line) or brine shrimp (filled squares, broken line) eggs.