Fig. 3. Two representative spectra (with wave energy subtracted) describing the relationship between power, S_uu (y axis), and frequency (x axis) of turbulent fluctuations in flow speed along a principal axis. Measurements were taken within a microhabitat harboring abalone (solid line), and 3 m away on the seafloor of an open kelp forest (dotted line). Energy dissipation rates and fluid shears were estimated from the spectral intensities of the inertial subrange (i.e. where the spectra exhibit the –5/3 slope; broken lines), following published methods (Hinze, 1975; Trowbridge, 1998).