Fig. 4. Crawling time. Data are only from trials in which we scored the detection to have occurred `from crawling'. Bars represent means ± s.e.m. of individual medians (N=11 bats). Tasks are abbreviated as follows: E, echolocation; VE, vision + echolocation; TE, temperature + echolocation; AE, acoustic cues + echolocation; OE, olfaction + echolocation. Significant results from post-hoc comparisons of bats' performance in the echolocation task (grey bar) compared with the other four tasks are indicated in the graph [paired t-tests, Bonferroni corrected P-values: (^*), significance lost when Bonferroni correction was applied; uncorrected P<0.05]. For further statistics, see text.