Fig. 9. Jumps and wing movements by Empoasca. Images were captured at 1000 frames s^–1 and an exposure of 0.5 ms, with the insect viewed ventrally. (A) A jump in which the wings were initially opened but then only flapped once the jump was complete and the insect was airborne. The images are arranged in four columns. Scale bar, 2 mm. (B) A second jump by the same Empoasca in which the angular changes of the coxo-trochanteral and femoro-tibial joints are plotted together with the forward movement of the body and the wing movements. The drawings are tracings from the original images to show the movements of the hind legs.