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Figure 1


Fig. 1. Fictive breathing (vagal motor output) recorded from isolated brainstem-spinal cord preparations (at pH 7.5) taken from (A) control toads with the olfactory nerves intact, (B) control toads following olfactory denervation, (C) chronically hypercapnic toads with the olfactory nerves intact and (D) chronically hypercapnic toads following olfactory denervation. In all cases the upper trace represents the raw electroneurogram (eng X) and the lower trace ({int} eng X) represents the integrated electroneurogram.