Fig. 7. Representative axial, cranial–caudal and medial–lateral axial bending, and caudal and cranial shear strains for (A) the femur and (B) TBT for three footfalls from a 36-week-old, 27 kg emu running with a 0.41DF at 5.40 m s^–1. The shaded bars represent the stance phase during the locomotor cycle. Note that the peak shear strains for the caudal surface of the TBT are negative while those for the femur are positive. This is consistent with the primary torques on these bones acting in opposite directions, where the proximal ends of the femur and TBT experienced medial and lateral torsion, respectively, when viewed from the cranial surfaces of the bones.