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Figure 4


Fig. 4. Variation in chord angle relative to mid-frontal plane of body ({alpha}c) during wingbeats in rufous hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus, N=5) flying at velocities of 0-12 m s-1. Wingbeat duration is expressed as a percentage of the entire wingbeat. The broken line indicates wrist elevation relative to mid-frontal plane, and the shaded area represents downstroke. Values are means ± s.d.