Fig. 1. Cadmium-induced ROS production in oyster mitochondria. (A) Total rate of ROS production in control mitochondria and those exposed to 50 µmol l^-1 Cd at 20°C. (B) Percentage oxygen converted to ROS in oyster mitochondria, which was calculated by dividing the rate of ROS production by the rate of mitochondrial oxygen consumption measured with the same substrates at 20°C. ROS production and _O2 of complete and partial ETC was measured with complex-specific substrates as described in `Materials and methods'. ^*Values significantly different from the respective controls (P<0.05). Values are means ± s.e.m., N=5-7.