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Figure 2


Fig. 2. Cold body temperature activates HIF-1. (A) HIF-1{alpha} mRNA amounts, (B) HIF-1{alpha} protein amounts, (C) HIF-1 DNA-binding activities in normoxic fish acclimated to 26°C, 18°C or 8°C. Results are shown as fold increase compared to fish acclimated to 26°C and are means ± s.e.m. of 10 fish. HIF-1{alpha} protein data includes variation caused by differences in fish mass. Asterisks denote significant (P<0.05, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.05 and P<0.01 for heart 18°C, heart 8°C, gills 8°C, kidney 18°C and kidney 8°C, respectively) differences to fish acclimated to 26°C (two-way ANOVA followed by Holm–Sidak post test). (D) Representative electrophoretic mobility shift assays showing binding of HIF-1 on HRE of human erythropoietin gene in nuclear extracts from gills of fish acclimated to 26°C, 18°C or 8°C (5 individuals for each temperature).