Fig. 5. Effects of male experimental manipulation on power spectra of idle displays. (i) Oscillogram of idle display; (ii) power spectra of idle display; (iii) experimental treatment. (A) Control treatment. (B) Palpal treatment. Experimental treatment consisted of waxing the tibio-cymbial joint of the palp, rendering the joint immovable. Percussive components were unaffected while stridulatory components were attenuated following manipulation. (C) Abdominal treatment. Experimental treatment consisted of waxing the cephalothorax–abdomen joint, rendering the joint immovable. No seismic components were affected following manipulation. (D) Palpal and abdominal treatment. Experimental treatment consisted of waxing the tibio-cymbial joint of the palp and waxing the cephalothorax–abdomen joint, rendering both joints immovable relative to each other. Percussive components were unaffected while stridulatory/tremulation components were attenuated following manipulation.