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Figure 3


Fig. 3. Utility of the V-type H+ ATPase expressed in endosomal membranes. Large transmembrane H+ electrochemical potentials generated by the V-type H+ ATPase drive the electrophoretic uptake of malate in vacuoles of plants (A), electrophoretic Cl- transport across endocytotic membranes via the Cl-/H+ antiporter ClC-5 (B), and the uptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin (S+) in synaptic vesicles via VMAT, a member of the SLC18 family of solute-linked-carriers (C). See www.bioparadigms.og/slc/menu.asp for the HUGO classification of solute-linked-carriers.