Fig. 3. Behaviors associated with sound production in the multibanded butterflyfish, Chaetodon multicinctus. (A) The tail slap behavior occurs after escalated displays and aggression by territorial residents towards bottled intruders and is performed within a distance of one body length from the bottle. The tail slap produces both a low frequency hydrodynamic pulse and a brief broadband acoustic click. (B) The jump behavior is displayed by resident fish and involves several movement patterns: the approach and face (1) and rapid turn (2) are followed by a short swimming ascent (3) and intense lateral display (4). The rapid turn produces a low frequency hydrodynamic pulse that is followed by several rapid acoustic pulses. (C) The pelvic fin flick behavior is produced by both residents and bottled intruders (illustrated), involves the extension of the pelvic fins and a single acoustic pulse. (D) The grunt train sound was produced only by bottled fish when approached by territory residents and may be an alert call to the mate. No body movements were observed during the production of this sound. Broken lines indicate sound production.