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Figure 6


Fig. 6. Evolution of morphology and behavior of the robotic population. Significant changes in population means between generations are indicated with an asterisk midway between the points ({alpha}=0.05; planned a priori contrasts in nested ANCOVA on data transformed to create normal distribution, with logL, k; arcsine R, U, W, NP; inverse t). Red asterisks indicate changes driven by selection and chance (drift + mutation); blue asterisks chance only. Selection occurred in generations 1, 5, 6 and 9. Values are means ± s.e.m.