Fig. 2. Evidence that there is no systematic effect of orientation relative to background on the coloration patterns expressed by cuttlefish. Upper row: Average images of all cuttlefish camouflaging (A) parallel and (B) perpendicular to the small-scale background and, (C) the mean difference between these two sets of patterns. Lower row: average images of cuttlefish camouflaging (D) parallel and (E) perpendicular to the medium background and (F) the mean difference between these two sets of patterns. Differences were even smaller for the coarse stripes.