Fig. 5. The articulation of the trochanter and coxa in Aphrophora viewed dorsally and posteriorly. (A) Drawing to show the trochanter of the right leg fully depressed and that of the left leg fully levated. A protrusion on the dorsal surface of the femur (asterisk) engages with the lateral protrusion of the coxa when the leg is fully levated. The trochanteral depressor muscle within the thorax is shown. Cuticular parts of the hind leg are coloured green. (B) Photograph to show the trochanter almost fully levated. The tendon of the trochanteral depressor muscle can be seen where the dorsal cuticle of the coxa has been removed; the broken lines show its full width. (C) The trochanter is fully levated so that the femoral protrusion is engaged with the coxal protrusion. (D) The trochanter is fully depressed about the coxa. (E) The trochanter is approximately in the middle of its range of movements. These photographs also show the insertion of a trochanteral levator muscle on a lateral cuticular protrusion of the trochanter and the insertion of the trochanteral depressor on heavily sclerotised medial cuticle of the trochanter. Cuticular reinforcing struts in the coxa extend anteriorly from the coxo-trochanteral pivot. Between these struts the tendon of the trochanteral depressor muscle is visible. (F) Photograph from a medial aspect to show the prominent femoral protrusion at the proximal end of the femur.