Fig. 9. Both intact and wing-clipped flies stabilize orientation using visual feedback. (A,B) Characteristic traces from the entire recording session of (A) an intact fly and (B) a fly in which the posterior half of the right wing was removed. Black: angular velocity, lowpass filtered at 0.1 Hz; blue: orientation. Gray boxes denote periods when the arena lights were turned off (1 min off, 1 min on). (C,F) Angular velocity histograms from all flies tested (C: intact; F: clipped). Top row: lights on; bottom row: lights off. (D) Standard deviations of the distributions in C and F. (E) Each bar shows the mean of the absolute values of all the velocity measurements taken in that condition. N=7 intact flies, N=3 clipped; n=157024 intact-light samples, n=175648 intact-dark, n=59532 clipped-light, n=63265 clipped-dark.