Fig. 5. Modifying haltere feedback changes saccade dynamics. (A) The halteres. (B) Angular rotations of the fly's body cause the halteres to be deflected out of their stroke plane by Coriolis forces. In our preparation, these forces are proportional to the fly's angular velocity about its yaw axis () and the halteres' mass (m) and velocity (v). The deflections caused by the Coriolis forces are sensed by haltere mechanoreceptors. (C) Changing the amount of haltere feedback affects saccade dynamics. Top to bottom: control (same data as top row of Fig. 3, N=14 flies, n=134 saccades); haltere feedback increased by adding mass to the haltere endknobs (N=6, n=113); haltere feedback decreased by ablating left haltere (N=5, n=121). Statistical analysis was as in Fig. 3 (^*P<0.001).