Fig. 5. Representative force traces for each limb (A,C,E, forelimb; B,D,F, hindlimb) and substrate type (A and B, level; C and D, incline; E and F, decline). Craniocaudal (CC) force profiles are shown in gray for clarity (negative, braking; positive propulsive). Mediolateral (ML) reaction forces are primarily medially directed (negative) except for hindlimbs on declined trackways. All axes are shown to the same scale. V, vertical force; BW, body weight.