Fig. 2. Antibody titers before and after (repeated) vaccination with (A) diphtheria and (B) tetanus toxoids in five shorebird species tested within a month of capture. For the ruddy turnstone, the darker box represents the additional experiment where birds were tested 5 months after capture. The ruff, the only freshwater specialist, is indicated by a white box. The boxes enclose the 25% quartiles around the medium (horizontal line); the whiskers indicate the range of observed values that fall within a 1.5 spread of the interquartile range; and the asterisks represent observed values that fall outside that spread.