Fig. 6. Relationships of body mass for each individual African (blue triangles) and Asian (red squares) elephant with: near-maximal forward velocity (A), minimum observed duty factor (B), maximum observed stride length (triangles) and frequency (squares) (C; symbols are dark for African, light for Asian), and hip height for all elephants combined (D). Hip height (h) least-squares power curve fit shown: h=0.23M ^0.26_b; N=60 [excluding two elephants (from Christian et al., 1999)], R²=0.73; upper/lower 95% confidence intervals 0.26/0.33. This result does not change markedly if the baby elephant outlier is excluded (h=0.26M ^0.24_b; R²=0.69), or if RMA (Model II) regression is used (slope=0.29).