Fig. 3. Cardiovascular parameters (mean ± s.e.m.) of 10 Cancer gracilis. (A) Heart rate (beats min^-1), (B) stroke volume (ml beat^-1), (C) cardiac output (ml min^-1) and haemolymph flow rates (ml min^-1) through the (D) anterior aorta, (E) left anterolateral artery, (F) right hepatic artery, (G) posterior aorta and (H) sternal artery. Crabs were monitored during a 3 h control period in 100%SW, low salinity conditions (65%SW) were initiated for 6 h. Control conditions were then restored for an additional 6 h. The beginning of the low salinity and 100%SW periods are marked. In certain cases error bars are small and do not show clearly on figures.