Fig. 3. (A) Great tit Parus major, from Holland. (B) Great tit raised in captivity. This individual resembles closely the phenotype of the subspecies of great tit that breeds in India (see Gompertz, 1968). Photographs courtesy of the Archives Netherlands Institute of Ecology, provided by A. J. van Noordwijk. (C) Chroma score (mean ± s.e.m.) (i.e. colour saturation) of whole great tit Parus major broods raised in deciduous and coniferous woodland near Trondheim, Norway (after Slagsvold and Lifjeld, 1985). Colour was measured on the yellow breast of young chicks at age 10–15 days. Chroma score is in arbitrary units, estimated by comparison to a colour guide. Triangles, broods transferred as eggs from one habitat to the other; squares, broods not transferred. Sample sizes are from top: 1 (hence no standard error on this point), 7, 3 and 6 broods. In a two-way ANOVA comparing locality of origin with locality of rearing, there is a significant effect of rearing environment (F_1,13=7.5, P=0.02) but none of laying environment (F_1,13=0.01, P=0.9).