Fig. 11. Force and position of points 1 and 2 on a very flexible model during waves. Models of the lowest flexural stiffness experienced whiplashing (see text for explanation) where the tip of the model lagged behind the middle portion. Maximum force is experienced when point 2 is displaced the furthest (highlighted by dotted line). Maximum displacement of point 1 occurs after the model experiences peak force. x axis is time in arbitrary units.