Fig. 4. Effects of Ca²⁺ (5 mmol l^-1), epinephrine (Epi; 1 µmol l^-1), ethanol (EtOH), testosterone (T; 0.3 µmol l^-1) or 17ß-estradiol (E2; 1.0 nmol l^-1), in the presence (filled bars) or absence (open bars) of exogenous glucose (5 mmol l^-1), on performance of ventricle strips from males (A) and females (B). All ventricle strips received exogenous glucose during the 60 min equilibration period. There were only significant differences in ventricle strips exposed to sex steroids. ^*P<0.05. Values are means ± s.e.m. (N=7-9 strips per group).