Fig. 5. Wide range of times at which peak suture and bone strains, and maximum gape, hyoid depression and head lifting, are achieved during biting (B) and suction (S) for all 52 feeding events included in this analysis. Peak hyoid depression and head lifting are given for suction only, because biting events do not exhibit distinct maxima of these variables. Mean timing values for each strain and kinematic peak are shown in yellow (mean ± s.d., N=4). For 8 individual trials, vertical paths show the times at which each strain and kinematic maximum were achieved. The red arrows indicate the first (left) and second (right) suction feeding events shown in Fig. 2. The blue arrows indicate the first (left) and second (right) biting events illustrated in Fig. 6. There was substantial variation in these timings between trials; however, the correlations between strain peak timing and the fish's kinematic activity were significant. If the temporal pattern of maximum strains and kinematics were identical in all suction or biting trials, then the vertical paths would all be parallel and located in the same region of the gape cycle, which they are not. Note that portions of the lines that represent suction events tend to track each other closely, as do portions of the biting events. This illustrates our finding that biting and suction events cause maximum skull and suture deformation at different points in the feeding cycle.