Fig. 1. Length-diameter scaling patterns of long bones from three groups of mammals: carnivorans (blue line: Bertram and Biewener, 1990), bovids (black line: McMahon, 1975a) and ceratomorphs (red line: Prothero and Sereno, 1982). Data for carnivorans exhibit differential allometry with smaller families scaling more closely to isometry and larger families closer to elastic similarity (reflected by light blue dashed lines). The larger carnivorans match the pattern for bovids, which scale with elastic similarity. Ceratomorphs scale with stronger allometry, close to stress similarity. Larger-sized bovids also exhibit this pattern. Adapted from Bertram and Biewener (1990, Fig. 5). Lines are based on least-squares regressions.