Fig. 7. The effect of high strain on the phase shifts between measured and estimated strain during induced fast-starts for the anterior (0.4FL) and posterior (0.7FL) locations. Stronger escapes (11 trials, four individuals), which experience an average strain between the anterior and posterior position greater than 12.3%, are represented by black open circles and average phase shifts are represented by horizontal black bars. Weaker escapes (nine trials, four individuals), less than 12.3% average strain, are shown by gray-filled circles and average phase shifts are represented by horizontal gray bars. High strain significantly increases the average phase shift from 0.005±0.005 s to 0.021±0.009 s at 0.7L (Mann-Whitney U-test, P<0.005).