Fig. 3. Effects of dietary nutrient ratio and parasitism by C. congregata on growth (mass gain) of M. sexta larvae maintained over the fourth and fifth stadia on a chemically defined artificial diet having varying ratios of casein and sucrose, after accounting for differences in protein and carbohydrate intake between diets. Bars show least-square means ± S.E.M. Differences between diets and between normal and parasitized larvae are due to differences in utilization efficiency. Significant differences (P<0.05) among normal larvae are indicated by different lowercase letters and among parasitized larvae (including parasite biomass) by different upper case letters. Significant differences between normal and parasitized (including parasite biomass) larvae on the same diet are indicated by an asterisk. Dietary nutrient ratios are shown relative to the level of each nutrient (C, casein; S, sucrose) in the basal chemically defined formulation where 1.0=90 g l^-1.